Integration Paper free essay sample

According to the Mines and Consciences Bureau (MGM), the country has an estimated $840 billion worth of untapped mineral resources with a span of 9 million hectares (a third of our country total land area) identified as having high mineral potential. This and other data from the MGM shows the high profitability of mining in the Philippines, which makes it attractive to foreign investors and transnational corporations. But, these mineral resources are found within our lands, as well as under our seas, both of which are also rich in other resources that sustain other economic activities around our archipelago.To add to this, the policies we have in place and endorsed by the government make it even more desirable. These policies make it easy and very profitable for transnational companies to pursue mining operations, and they are given a considerably favorable amount of control over the land their operations occupy. The mining stations that come to be in these specified areas have a tendency to invade the local communities lives in many debilitating ways, and often times many indigenous peoples are displaced from their own ancestral lands. We will write a custom essay sample on Integration Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This causes not just unrest within the community and within the area, but also negatively impacts the livelihoods, cultural practices and traditions, health, and identity of these locals. The mining situation in the Philippines has been a long debated topic, and for many good reasons. It is an industry that is pervasive in many ways, and it is an issue underplayed by many people; it is a much larger issue than it is made to look like. It is an industry considered to be destructive and unsustainable, and as it stands, it is just that.Different sectors in our society play a part in this issue, including economics, environment, coloratura, and political. All these systems are interrelated. Each cannot change without affecting or changing another. By carefully looking into this situations and analyzing the interrelation of the different factors, we will see that mining is more than just another industry and carries different effects and consequences on our country and people. Minerals are non-renewable resources, and this fact is telling of the limited lifespan of the mining industry.But, given the mineral wealth of our country, it can be considered a key in economic growth. The total contribution of mining to the national gross domestic product remains small, just ranging room 0. 6 to 1 percent. Contribution to exports hovers around 2 to 6 percent, as compared to agricultural contributions, which amounted to around 8 percent. Another claim mining companies have been making is their ability to generate jobs for the local communities and their contribution in further developing local industries.Statistically speaking though, the contribution of the mining sector to the national total employment consistently remains below 1 percent. As it is, extractive mining is a low-employment generating activity, as companies often invest high capital on machines and necessary cosmologies in their operations instead, minimizing the need for a large number of employees. Also, the available jobs offer no security and permanency, as again, mining operations have a limited lifespan, and more often than not, workers are hired on a contractual basis. Some people in these areas are left with no choice but to apply for jobs in these companies, as their own livelihoods have been disrupted by the mining operations. The environmental impacts of the mining industry are as numerous as it is devastating. Mining is deemed to cause several adverse effects on our environment, which lead to health risks, public hazards, and risks to the general safety of the public. In just the exploratory stage of the mining companies, lands and mountains are already subject to large-scale alterations.Forests are cut down for open pit mines; mountains are hollowed as tunnels are being dug underground. Polluted farmlands are left infertile and rivers are left dead, destroying livelihoods and the everyday lives of communities. Though there are claims of responsible mining and talks of limiting and controlling operations in order to minimize the impacts, the adverse impacts are still often irreversible. More than just affecting the landscape, the biodiversity of the affected areas are also critically affected.Flora and fauna are effectively displaced and perhaps even at risk for illnesses caused by pollution from the mines. The effects of these environmental changes are magnified when we consider the Philippine setting, as operations, which are often large-scale contrast the small areas they take over. Several areas of our country are also subject to natural disasters, and with the unwarranted changes in the natural landscape hat help communities and areas defend against them, there is a higher risk Of devastation on the environment and the people.Included here is the increased risk in high seismic areas. Once mountains have been hollowed to create tunnels, the surface slowly thins and weakens, and in cases of seismic activity in the area, these tunnels are prone to caving in, which entails that any structure found on the surface of those would be destroyed, again leading to furthe r risks for the communities still located in these areas. Mining operations also make use of different chemicals when extracting minerals, and this in turn produces toxic wastes or mine tailings. These mine tailings, in turn, affect the health of communities.Water sources become polluted, causing skin diseases and other illnesses in the communities affected. This affects the productivity of individuals, thus hindering them from pursuing their daily lives and economic activities. Here, the coloratura aspects of society also come to play. Most, if not all, of these foreign mining investors and transnational companies primarily pursue this industry for their own economic exploits. More often Han not, the locals or the indigenous people (IP) of the mining areas are neglected or manipulated.The IP, who have historically cultivated the area and utilized the lands for their own resources and cultural practices and livelihoods, are now the ones displaced and have become, technically, illegal lodgers in their own identified ancestral domains. Mining has been found to affect not only the Pips livelihoods, but also their cultural ties as a people, even leading to a loss of cultural identity (Waterier, 2012). Some of these Pips have also practiced small-scale mining in their culture, but now that large- call mining operations have taken over, they are disallowed from continuing their own operations.They are left to swarm over leftovers of the mining companies long after they have left the area, exhausting the mountains of their minerals. While companies claim to have given free, prior, and informed consent to the people affected, there have been reported cases of bribery and misinformation, as well as falsified documents claiming that entire communities have agreed and fully understood the undertakings of the industry entering their domain. All these issues can boil down to the political aspect of mining.Currently, the mining industry is being aggressively promoted, as compared to the past when it was merely tolerated. The government has made several measures and changes in mining policies in order to cater to the needs and demands of foreign mining investors and corporations. During the term of former Philippine President Fidel Ramose, the Philippine Mining Act of 1 995 was authored and promoted as a solution to poverty in the country, as well as a way to boost economic growth.Its aim was to bring to life the mining industry by providing additional benefits and incentives for foreign investors in order o entice them to mine in the Philippines. The contents of the Mining Act of 1 995 include opening all public and private lands to investors or individuals to all kinds of mining activities, not to mention ancestral lands (as long as free prior informed consent was obtained).Also include are the Exploratory permit which allows qualified mining applicants to explore lands open to mining. Next, Mineral Production Sharing Agreement (AMPS) which says the government takes part in the contractors production, being the mineral owner, and in exchange, the contractors provide the funds and machineries needed. Another is the Financial or Technical Assistance Agreemen t (FETA), which allows 100 percent ownership of mining areas to the foreign investors and corporations.Other than these, there are also the Auxiliary Mining Rights given to the corporations, which gives them timber rights (right to cut all trees or timber in the mining area), water rights (use of water resources available in the area), easement rights (right to build, construct or install anything in the mining area to benefit their operations), rights to possess explosives, and entry into private lands and concession areas (with prior notification of those involved, entry into private lands shall not be prohibited). These are rights that give them a huge amount Of liberty to do whatever so they please to further their mining operations, but at what cost? These policies are unfair ones, as they were formed and endorsed without proper consultation of everyone involved in this issue. There has been substantial bias towards the private entities involved, and thus the rights of the locals are ignored.The locals who try to approach the government for help or to be heard out are shunned, as even local government units and hose above them have been, perhaps, bribed by the foreign companies. There is a lack of accountability and responsibility by the government In facing this issue. These are policies that are focused on proportioning the needs and demands Of foreign investors and corporations over the needs and priorities of our countrys own people.These are policies and laws that hear what foreign investors have to say while turning away from the pleas of the people whose lives have been adversely affe cted by the mining industry. Flowery words are used in these policies, making them seem responsible and inconsiderate of the issues that come hand in hand with mining, but in truth they do nothing but cover up the true intentions of these policies, and that is to further the mining industry. There is so much more to be said about the mining situation in the Philippines and the many issues we face because of it.The economic, environmental, coloratura and political aspects of this issue are all interrelated and cannot change without changing another. The economic factors will always affect the environment, as our economy relies so much on resources that come from it, and these in turn will affect the coloratura specs of our society, as we the people are part of this environment and our lives cannot be without the resources we take from the environment.The political aspect affects the other three, in the sense that it is the policies and laws that we make that somehow dictate the outcome of our economy and how it is to adapt and take from our environment, and how society industries and livelihoods will move Fontana considering the rules that have been thus dictated. The coloratura aspect thus affects the rest in the sense that our culture and our identity dictate how we li ve and how we relate to those around us. We, as the people of this country, should remain aware of our responsibility as its caretaker.We are all equally responsible for taking care of each other and our nations wealth, which will be passed onto forthcoming generations. Mining, as it stands now, will continue to be a priority of the government and part of the country development policy, but we must not let that stop us from intervening, interrupting and voicing out our part in protecting the rights of those manipulated and abused by the unjust systems and policies that are pushed forward. Our countrys wealth can last so long, but only if it is retrofitted and taken care of. Integration Paper free essay sample I am a bio-chemistry major at Oakwood University. The profession that I want to pursue is to become is a medical doctor. A physician is a professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. They may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities. The type of Doctor I want to be is to do a MD/Ph. D in endocrinology. Whoever thinks that integration is only used in math is ignorant of their surroundings. The truth is that the different aspects of calculus are used in the real world every day. The Integral is used to show area under a curve. The indefinite integral is the anti-derivative of a function. We will write a custom essay sample on Integration Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In science and medicine there is a machine called the NMR and MRI. NMR stands for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. In the field of medicine an NMR is better known as an MRI. The concept of using both machines it practically the same. Chemists use a machine called an NMR machine or a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Machine. By looking at the graphs obtained from an NMR machine it can be used to identify the structure of unknown compounds. Integration is used when looking at the graph of a Hydrogen NMR spectrum to determine the relative amount of hydrogen’s are found in a compound. For example, in 1-1-2 tricholoro- ethane, the hydrogen on the first carbon is split by two hydrogens on the second carbon. This gives a ratio of 1:2:1. For these types of professions the integral is their Bible, metaphorically speaking. The watch the trends, convert the data into a quantitative function and then use the integral to predict the future of a company or simply use it with differentiation for an optimization problem. The purpose of the doctor is to determine the concentration of a medicine in a persons body over time, taking into account how much substance and how frequently it is taken and how fast it metabolizes. They use calculus to calculate the dosing of drugs dosage per weight, infusion rates, allowable blood loss, blood volume, bicarbonate deficit, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and much more. Works Cited. 1. What Is a Practical Application of Calculus in Medicine? WikiAnswers. Answers, n. d. Web. 01 May 2013. 2. Shell, D. M. (2010). Integration in NMR. Retrieved 2012, from Chemwiki: http://chemwiki. ucdavis. edu/Physical_Chemistry/Spectroscopy/Magnetic_Resonance/Integration_in_NMR 3. Differential Calculus in Life Science. (2003). Retrieved 2012, from http://math. msu. edu/Related/bio/calculus. html 4. Neuhauser, C. (2004). Calculus for Biology and Medicine, 2nd edition,. Pearson Education, Inc. 5.

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory Essay Example

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory Essay Example Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory Paper Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory Paper In developmental psychology, there are different theories on how an individual grows and develops. One well known theory is the Ecological Theory Development of Urie Bronfenbrenner. This theory emphasizes the importance of the relationship between an individual and the different environmental systems and how they can be related to each other. During early childhood, a person’s development is influenced by various factors such as the different types of the environment. Thus, Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory shows how an individual grows and matures. It also explains each system’s effect on a child’s development (Paquette Ryan, 2001). According to Bronfenbrenner, there are four different systems that influence an individual to develop as a person. First is the Microsystem which refers to the immediate environments such as family, classroom, friends, and neighborhoods. Second is the Mesosystem which pertains to child’s home and school. Third is called the Exosystem which the individual’s development is not directly involved in such as parent’s workplace. Last is the Macrosystem which points to a large cultural context such as Western and Asian cultures. These four different systems explain how a person changes and develops their personality traits in life (Paquette Ryan, 2001). In the first stage, when a child is born, he or she is taken care of by either the mother or a nanny. These individuals have a very big role in shaping the child’s characteristics. While there are studies which show that some personality traits can be actually inherited from both parents, the environment still has a big impact on developing a person’s characteristics. In the Microsystem environment, an infant usually spends the whole day with the family or the mother. Here, the characteristics of the child are already being developed. In the case of children whose parents are both working and the child is always accompanied by the nanny, there is a greater chance that the child will most likely acquire character traits of the nanny instead of the parents since they are always together and they spend the whole time together (Paquette Ryan, 2001). Neighbors and friends in school are also a big factor in the microsystem level. When the child starts to go to school, it would be a new environment for him or her to learn something and acquire new traits and characteristics from classmates and friends in school. As the child interacts with his or her classmates and gains new friends, there will be different influences from people around depending on how the child portrays him- or herself. Consequently, the child may develop a new personality trait that may be positive or negative. This continues as children grow old and mature (Paquette Ryan, 2001). Second is the mesosytem which is still related to microsystem. It is connected in a way that an individual is still significantly influenced by the microsystem, such as the parents who still influence their children even though the child goes to school already. A good example of this is a musically inclined child who has his or her talent developed through the teacher but at the same time, he or she may have acquired the talent biologically through the parents. Another example is when the parents are neglecting the child. In this case, it is likely that the child would be negatively affected and may not perform very well in school. Consequently, this can cause problems such as developing a negative attitude so he or she can be noticed and accepted by classmates or friends. On the other hand, when the parents always give positive regard to their child, he or she tends to develop a positive outlook in life. The exosystem is the third level, and this includes environment which the child or the person may not be directly involved in but may still leave an impact on his or her development. One good example of this as mentioned above is the workplace of the child’s parents. Although the child may not be exposed to the parent’s workplace, in some instances, it can still have an influence on the child. For instance, due to the exhausting demands of their job, some parents have no time to spend with their child. Their dissatisfaction towards their job may also negatively influence their desire to spend time with their children. Thus, the absence of parent’s assistance and support is likely to affect the child’s growth and development; it may cause the child to develop certain characteristics and traits that may be unpleasant, such as developing an anti social disorder or other behavioral problems (Paquette Ryan, 2001). The last system is called the macrosystem; it is a huge system that also has a significant impact on an individual’s growth and development. This is where the different cultures, religions, ideologies, and laws of the society take place. These factors have a great influence over the child’s developmental growth. In this system, both children and adults should already know their importance and goals in life. It is a stage where a person fully develops their individuality. For instance, a person’s religious beliefs may have a very big role in the development of an individual. There may be norms that are very different from another person’s standards, making things not work for different people. However, one should respect and understand the beliefs of others so that it will not create disputes with the different parties involved. Another example is one’s belief in parenting: that it should be the parents who will take full responsibility of their own child. This belief will most likely provide resources to guide the parents in raising their children as for shaping them in a way that parents think is right and the best for them (Paquette Ryan, 2001). However, there is one recently added system to the four different systems of a child’s development which Bronfenbrenner named Chronosystem. This stage is where the early four levels can change and intertwine, from the microsytem up to macrosystem. It is where an individual’s development is influenced by physical changes of an individual. For example, when a person gets older, there will be physical changes in his or her body, making his or her weak and vulnerable to some illnesses. These changes affect the behavioral patterns of the individual that he or she may not have when he or she was still young (Paquette Ryan, 2001). In an individual’s life, the environment is the most important factor that shapes people’s character other than the biological aspect. Considering Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of development which shapes people’s identity, from the time that they were born up to the time they become adults and start to have a career and a family of their own, it will always be the environment affecting and guiding each and every individual in living their lives because it is where people grow, mature, and discover their selves. That is the reason why Bronfenbrenners ecological theory is divided into different stages. These stages help us fully understand how a person’s character is being shaped and develop. That is how important environment is in a person’s growth and development, as highlighted by Bronfenbrenner’s theory. There are several theories which explain that various biological and environmental factors contribute to the development of a child. Hence, understanding Bronfrenbrenner’s ecological theory of development will help us analyze and understand why people have their own personality and characteristics. It will also serve as a guide for understanding each and everyone’s developmental cycle. It is through learning this theory that one can accept each character traits and behaviors. It is also a good factor for tracing problems, especially when it comes to behavioral issues of a person. As adults, it is our goal and responsibility to shape a child’s growth and development by becoming a good example to them. It is always the adults that children always look up to in their life. If we will all work on having good environment or surroundings in life, then we will have a respectable, successful, and almost perfect society. However, this will always be impossible, and there will always be deficits in life. Thus, the nature of our environment and its influence on people make life challenging, and it makes them learn, grow, develop and be successful in living their lives. References Ajuha, Yukti Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory. Montessori Academy. Retrieved September 22, 2008 from mymontessoriacademy. com/newsletters/websitebronfenbrennerecologicaltheory. pdf Paquette, D. Ryan, J. (2001). Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory. National Louis University. Retrieved September 22, 2008 from http://pt3. nl. edu/paquetteryanwebquest. pdf

Select one topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Select one topic - Essay Example Hence the term â€Å"ethnicity†. This paper looks behind the deep issues involved in the rise of the term â€Å"ethnicity† and why social scientists now prefer to use the term â€Å"ethnicity† over â€Å"race†. Various data and irrefutable information will be presented coming from peer-reviewed journals, books, and appropriate websites in order to explain how the change from â€Å"race† to â€Å"ethnicity† took place over the course of time. A look into the history of the study of human race and its evolution will show that the concept of â€Å"race† is something that can trace its early roots to the European slave trade. The concept itself is the result of a scientific revolution that emerged during the time of European imperialism and colonization. Due to the influence of people from various parts of the world upon European culture and social conduct, Europeans began to suspect that there were marked differences in the physical, social, and cultural awareness of human groups. It became their opinion that some human beings from particular parts of the world were of a higher physical, social, and cultural background than the rest. Therefore, a division between the people must exist. This division was meant to connote the higher group of people from those deemed more inferior. The term â€Å"race† was then coined in order to create a semblance of control over the African slaves using a type of mind conditio ning related to the term used to describe them or their â€Å"race†. With the widespread use of the term â€Å"race† across the globe, it became clear to social scientists that the term was used to define the real or imagined physical differences between people. The differences could be based upon visible and obvious differences such as skin color and physical appearance. Once a person is defined by his â€Å"race†, it then becomes his social identity which tends to influence social

Sounds of Silence by Simon and Garfunkel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sounds of Silence by Simon and Garfunkel - Essay Example The genre was known by the name of folk/rock. Tom Wilson, while listening to the song â€Å"Mr. Tambourine Man† flickered with the idea of making a folk/rock with Simon and Garfunkel with whom he had already worked successfully with their debutant album. Simon and Garfunkel the duo recorded the song for their first album â€Å"Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.† in the year 1964. Latter on it was overdubbed with the inclusion of the instruments like electric bass, drums and electric guitar. As a single, the song was released in the month of September 1965 and the song was written by Paul Simon of the duo in the month of February 1964. The song â€Å"Sounds of Silence† is the most popular song released by the duo in the United States after their most well-liked hit† Bridge Over Troubled Water† (Simons 1-120). During 1960s and 70s, many genres of music like rock, alternative rock, folk rock and country rock evolved which sung the saga of the men and time during which these songs evolved, The ‘Numero Uno’ or the number one track of the chartbuster during the year 1966 by Simon and Garfunkel also reiterates the social and political turmoil of the time (Charlesworth 1-125). THESIS STATEMENT The song, â€Å"Sounds of Silence† delineates many socio-cultural and socio-political issues within its melodious presentation. This essay intends to explore the subtle thematic paradigm imbibed behind the acoustic and electrified versions of this intense song. SOUNDS OF SILENCE: A REFLECTION Without getting much into the thin line of difference that separates the two genres of music during the sixties; the folk and the pop that strikingly evolves out through this song, it is quintessential to perceive the magic and enchantment the song delivers. The tempo, the rhythm, orchestration and above all the melody of the song is just splendid to fall back upon and listen to with close eyes. However, the most powerful aspect of the song is its lyrics. Poetry is inherent within a totalitarian scheme of things operating and pervading the song. From its rhetoric to words and intonation there is poetry imbibed within every layer and every aspect of the song (Technorati, Inc, â€Å"Music Review: Simon & Garfunkel - Sounds Of Silence - Page 2†) â€Å"The Sounds of Silence†: In restless dreams I walk alone Narrow streets of cobblestone, 'Neath the halo of a street lamp, I turned my collar to the cold and damp When my eyes were stabbed by the flash of a neon light That split the night And touched the sound of silence† (SongMeanings, â€Å"Simon and Garfunkel – The Sound of Silence†). No one can undermine the powerful use of language in the song. As a matter of fact, since the release of the song with more vigor and overwhelming confidence Paul Simon started writing songs which were definitely taking him to a higher echelon of poets. A rare master of storytelling and craftsmanship of imagery that Simon was, started lurking large in the song and the conversant style of the song made it more popular and relative: â€Å"Hello darkness, my old friend, I've come to talk with you again, Because a vision softly creeping, Left its seeds while I was sleeping, And the vision that was planted in my brain Still remains Within the sound of silence† (SongMeanings, â€Å"Simon and Garfunkel – The Sound of Silence†). As the song was so popular and close to everyone’s heart or to be precise it was deliberately made so much appealing because it tried to captivate the particular essence of socio-political catastrophe taking place at the political domain of America. The song â€Å"The Sounds of Silence† is particularly written after the assassination of John F. Kennedy and the social and political degradation of America as a nation and

America's Foreign Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

America's Foreign Policies - Essay Example Both the army and navy were less than 30,000 troops separately, and being situated in the midst of weak or friendly nations, no thought was given to building up an armed force for any reason (Mintz). Americans also felt badly towards expanding any holdings abroad, as the popular sentiment was that it went against the democracy that the country held dear to its heart, even more than a hundred years after winning it (Mintz). That changed, however, when European powers towards the end of the century started acquiring overseas holdings themselves, eventually becoming rulers of a fifth of the world between 1870 and 1900 (Mintz). Fearing that the United States would one day be left with nothing but the country that it had already started, sentiment changed to allow overseas diplomacy and dealings, which were brought to the forefront by the foreign policies of President Theodore Roosevelt, President William Howard Taft, and President Woodrow Wilson. Though these three had sometimes radicall y different views on how to handle different situations with respect to countries around the world, it cannot be denied that all had a hand in shaping the United States as a world power by the early 1920s. Theodore Roosevelt came into the presidency believing, in a way, that America was not enough for America. He believed that the United States should expand its presence in foreign countries and territories, and had a strongly â€Å"imperialistic philosophy† about where the nation stood, and should stand, in the world (â€Å"American Experience†). Despite being a diplomat who was more than capable of brokering any negotiation through words, Roosevelt believed that the nation should be ready to fight to protect its own interests above everyone else, and supported war in order to make his point to other countries about the greatness of America (â€Å"American Experience†). This can be seen in his main ambition while in office, which was to build a canal

Risk Management in Business: A Case Study

Risk Management in Business: A Case Study INTRODUCTION SITUATION Every day, there is the chance that some sort of business interruption, crisis, disaster, or emergency will occur. Anything that prevents access to key processes and activities can be defined as a disaster. Companies can experience many different threats to their mission critical systems such as fires, floods, lightning storms and humidity to disgruntled employees, hackers, human error, power failures and viruses. A disaster can happen at any time and it is vital to be prepared in the event that one occurs. NEED To be prepared for a business interruption, the organization must have a carefully crafted and comprehensive plan that describes risks, impacts, and step-by-step recovery strategies for critical business processes in various disaster and emergency scenarios. Without a plan, the team will be flying blind when an interruption occurs. The plan provides the necessary tools to mitigate interruptions and resume operations as quickly as possible, greatly facilitating decision-making and taking action when there is scant time and stress levels are elevated. CHALLENGE Using the information in the risk assessment to create effective recovery strategies for critical processes in all departments, incorporating these strategies into a comprehensive business continuity plan, and encouraging ownership of the plan across the organization, and ultimately, achieving the highest resiliency possible with limited resources. SOLUTION Create the recovery strategies department-by-department, process-by-process. This allows each department to focus on strategies specifically relevant to their critical processes without extraneous information from other departments. Do the same for your business continuity plan, writing smaller plans by department. Also, use a template to document your recovery strategies to ensure process consistency across the organization. Finally, have plans reviewed and approved by department heads and distributed to all employees to encourage ownership and pride in the plan. RESULT Each department in the organization will have a comprehensive action plan for business continuity outlining the steps to take to recover vital processes in various emergency scenarios. All employees will have their own copy of the plan, ready to use immediately when a disruption occurs. Employees will take ownership of the organizations business continuity effort and this effort will be further ingrained in the organizations corporate culture. CHOCOLATE MANUFACTURING COMPANY AN OVERVIEW The Chocolate Company since inception in 1990 has been largely responsible for satisfying the countrys demand for Chocolates and Sugar Confectionery. Situated at Rusayl Industrial Estates in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, the plant has various lines producing a wide range of confectionery like Éclairs, Toffees, Fudges, Caramels, Hard Boiled Candy and Enrobed Chocolates. These products are available in attractive packaging and premium Gift Boxes making them ideal for gifting as well as for own consumption. Most of the packaging in the Gift Pack segment has been carefully selected to ensure its enduring utility, thereby giving our valued customers an added benefit. The confectionery is produced by experienced personnel under stringent quality control and hygiene standards. State-of-the-art manufacturing facilities ensure products of international quality. The company in its relentless pursuit of quality obtained HACCP Certification in April, 2004. The Company, through its uncompromising stand on quality and competitive pricing, has successfully penetrated countries all over the Gulf, the African continent, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa, USA and the UK. The principal business processes involved are Procurement of raw materials and consumables. Production and Quality control. Distribution and marketing. Inventory Management. Pricing and cost control. Feedback from consumers and redressal systems. Publicity and promotional activities. Recruitment and HR. Finance Administration. Corporate communications and public relations. Legal and secretarial matters. Investor relations. Maintenance of equipment and other assets. Capital expenditure for equipment and other purposes. IT systems and telecommunications. Transportation and Logistics. Today, manufacturing sector companies like chocolate manufacturing operates in increasingly complex, competitive and global markets. The ability to manage risks across geographies, products, assets, customer segments and functional departments is of paramount importance. The inability to manage these risks can cause irreparable damages. Chocolate company will always face the likelihood of being impacted by uncertain or adverse future events. These uncertainties will have an impact on a companys ability to generate capital and shareholders returns. The company Board expects that management will not only look at where the company may be exposed to risk, but also how these risks can be managed to influence favorable business outcomes. RISK AND RISK MANAGEMENT Risk Management Methodology followed by the chocolate company The risk management methodology at the chocolate company encompass the scope of risks to be managed, the process/systems and procedures to manage risk and the roles and responsibilities of individuals involved in risk management. The framework is comprehensive enough to capture all risks that the company is exposed to and have flexibility to accommodate any change in business activities. The chocolate companys effective risk management methodology includes Risk Policy framework. Identification of risks. Measurement and Impact Assessment. Management of the risks. Monitoring Reporting and Control. A. Risk Policy Framework The following fundamental principles should be considered by the company to develop and implement a proactive risk management program and help them to identify any potential areas of concern: Acceptance of a risk management framework: A formal risk management framework is needed at this company, to guide the integration of risk management into the companys day to day operations. Corporate governance and risk: At this company,corporate governance is the prime responsibility of the Board of Directors and the General Manager. It combines legal duties with responsibilities to improve and monitor the performance of the company. Establish the risk response strategy: Following the agreement on the risk assessment rankings in all functional departments, management action will need to be taken to reduce the risk levels where they have been deemed unacceptably high or alternatively remove constraints where they are preventing the business from pursuing opportunities. Assigning responsibility for risk management change process: It is important for the company to ensure that the daily operation of the business supports this strategy and that the staff understands the proposed changes. Re-sourcing: Risk management is the responsibility of all levels of management. Communication and training: Implementing a communication and training program is important to introduce the concept of risk management. Monitoring of risk management process: To ensure that risk responses gaps are filled and that the risk responses continue to operate effectively and remain appropriate in light of changing conditions. B. Identification of Various Risks of The Company While drafting this Risk management Policy, the primary risk exposures at the company X that are identified is provided below, which are inclusive but not exhaustive and it will be the responsibility of the Risk Management Committee to review these on a periodic basis. I. Market Risks It is the risk that the value of the company will be adversely affected by movements in market rates or prices, foreign exchange rates, national global fluctuations, credit spreads and/or commodity prices resulting in a loss to earnings and capital. The market risks identified at this chocolate company are as follows Government Policy risks Product Risks Environmental risks Volatility of export orders Price Competition in the local export market Currency fluctuation for export orders II. Operational Risks The operational risks identified at chocolate company are as follows Fire Allied Risks Machinery breakdown/ obsolescence Volatility of Raw material Packing material prices Quality/ Ageing risks of Raw material/ Packing material Delivery risk of Suppliers Loss of data information- IT security Manpower Availability risks Accidents Inventory carrying risk III. Reputation Risks These are risks arising from negative public opinion resulting from failures of process, strategy or corporate governance. The Reputation risks identified at this company are as follows Contamination-hygiene Product expiry/Shelf life Corporate Governance IV. Credit Risks Non receipt of receivables or delay in receipts is the credit risks attributable to the company. These may be identified as Payment risk from customers-local Payment risk from Customers- export Security from customers Advance to Suppliers V. Liquidity Risks The possibility is that the company will be unable to fund present and future financial obligations. These may be identified as Cash flow working capital management CAPEX decisions Cost overruns VI. Strategic Risks Risk those are arising from adverse business decisions or the improper implementation of such decisions. These may be identified as follows Business Plan forecasts. Attrition of key people. C. Risk Prioritizing and Impact Assessment Risk Prioritizing To adequately capture institutions risk exposure, risk measurement should represent aggregate exposure of the company to both risk type and business line and encompass short run as well as long run impact on it. To the maximum possible extent the company should establish systems / models that quantify their risk profile. However, in some risk categories, quantification is quite difficult and complex. Wherever it is not possible to quantify risks, qualitative measures should be adopted to capture those risks. The company should utilize a Risk Matrix to evaluate the level of risks which are identified in the Company. The Risk Matrix is formed by assessing the probability of the risk, the severity of the risk, and the quality of control that exists specific to those risks. Scoring is attributed for each the three parameters namely probability, severity and Internal control. The aggregate score is computed and ranking of the risks is ascertained. The probability of the impact occurring is arranged ranging from low to high. Scores assigned as 4 for High, 2 for medium and 1 for low. Severity of the Risk is assessed as High, Medium and low based on the experience and normal prudence. Scores assigned as 4 for High, 2 for medium and 1 for low. Quality of Internal control is also similarly categorized as high, medium and low. The scores assigned in the reverse order since the better the existing control the lower is the impact and vice-versa. So scores here can be assigned as 4 for Low, 2 for Medium and 1 for High. Aggregate Score was thereafter computed after adding the individual scores for each parameter. Companys Risk Matrix using the above method is shown in Annexure I ii. Impact Assessment The company being a medium scale manufacturing unit should focus on the manageable risks like Operational risks, Liquidity risks and Strategic risks. Market risks, Credit risks and Reputation risks though an integral part of risk management may not need detailed impact assessment at this stage unless the probability of such factors seem to be out of proportions in time to come. Impact assessment of the Operational risks, liquidity risks and strategic risks at the company termed herein as Manageable risks, can be assessed as follows Risk associated with any event has two components, loss severity and loss probability. Loss, in itself consists of expected and unexpected components. The unexpected loss component could be severe or catastrophic. Usually, expected losses are adjusted for in pricing or in reserve allocation. Unexpected losses require capital allocation. Given that operational risk, liquidity and strategic risk events are most often subject to internal control, any manageable risk system that passively measures these risks would clearly be inadequate. Once risk factors are identified as likely causes of the Risk losses, mitigating steps need to be initiated. While quantification would indicate risk magnitude and capital charges, it may not by itself suggest mitigating steps. This makes it advisable for the company to combine qualitative and quantitative approaches to manageable Risk. The broad steps involved here would be: determine the types of operational losses that could occur identify the causal risk factors estimate the size and likelihood of losses Mitigate associated risks Qualitative Approaches Qualitative approaches involve Audits, Self-assessments Expert / collective judgment. Critical Self-Assessment: (CSA): This is one of the common qualitative bottom-up approaches where line managers of the company can critically analyze their business processes given specific scenarios to identify potential risks and gaps in their risk management processes. Tools like questionnaires, checklists and workshops are used to help the managers analyze the risk profile of their business units. The key idea behind this method is that businesses managers of this company are in the best position identify and manage the Operational Risks pertaining to their business units. Risk Audit Employing the services of external (or internal) auditors to review the business processes of a business unit is another approach. This process not only helps identify risks but also helps put in place the oversight organization for the manageable risks. Key Risk Indicators (KRI) Using the KRI approach the company can blend the qualitative and quantitative aspects of Operational Risk management. Factors that have predictive value and that can be easily measured with minimum time lag can serve as risk indicators. Some risk indicators inherently carry risk related information, for instance, indicators like sales volumes, order size, etc. Others are indirect indicators, for instance, production budgets, production lifecycle, performance appraisal etc. Key indicators are identified from several potential factors and are tracked over time. The predictive capabilities of the indicators are tested through regression analysis on historical loss data and indicator measurements. Based on such analysis, the set of indicators of the company being tracked can be modified suitably. Over time, as the model gets refined, the set of indicators can provide early warning signals for operational losses. D. Management of the risks Managing Market Risks: The chocolate company may be exposed to Market Risk in variety of ways as described earlier such as environmental issues, export orders, future contracts, Price competition, customer profile and marine transportation risks. Besides, market risk may also arise from activities categorized as off-balance sheet item. Government Policy Risks: Change in government policies, tax rates, introduction of new tax regimes, reduction or abolition of incentives etc carry risk to any entity in terms of its costing and pricing. In the short and medium term the company does not perceive any major risk in this segment, however the management has to be aware of any forthcoming changes that the government might envisage. Should there be any drastic change in Government policies that would affect its profitability especially in case of exports; the Company has contingency plans for producing at an alternative location outside Oman. Product Risks: Since the product is that of food item the company has to be 100% careful to maintain the product quality, product specification, pack sizes, contents in each pack etc. Producing lesser or poor quality products and not as per specification is a risk which company X needs to constantly be aware off. To mitigate such risks the company X should develop a well defined production policy develop a well defined Quality control and checks policy develop a well defined storage and Distribution policy Environmental risks: The company does not use and generate hazardous substances in its manufacturing operations. Hence the chances that the company may in future are subject to liabilities relating to the investigation and clean-up of contaminated areas is negligible. However the company should have a laid down policy of disposal of waste at pre-designed disposal points mainly for the rejected, expired and damaged items of raw materials, finished products and packing materials. Volatility of export orders: Some customers and sectors served by the company are directly dependent on general economic development, competition and frequent fluctuations in demand for their products. The prices for these products are, in part, dependent on the prevailing relationship between supply and demand. Possible price fluctuations are therefore apt to have a direct influence on each customers working capital management decisions, with subsequent influence on the customers Order Intake. This may lead to volatility in the development of Order Intake of the company. The company has a policy of geographically diversifying its customer base, as also expanding the customer base in each export market, so that transfer to less volatile locations can be made in short notice. Price Competition in the local export market: The Company does business in very competitive local and export markets. In spite of the competition the company has a 70% market share in the local market and its export business is expanding.Both these local and export markets in which it competes are highly fragmented, with a few large, international manufacturers competing against each other and against a high number of smaller, local companies. Sometimes new entrants or existing players suddenly lower their prices to get rid of the companys products. This has, in some cases, adversely impacted sales margins realized by certain of companys products. To mitigate this risk the company has taken the following steps: Maintaining complete information of its Competitors with respect to their latest technological developments, market strategies, new investments, management changes etc. Has developed emergency alternative plans to introduce different product ranges with minimal structural changes with similar or lower prices. Currency fluctuation for export orders:The Company exports its products to a large number of countries like Canada, USA, Australia, African countries, and the Middle East. Almost all export orders of the company are fixed in US dollars. Since Omani Rail is pegged with US Dollars, the fluctuation of the currencies in would have negligible impact on the export realizations at company X. Company X has a policy of booking export orders in terms of US dollars to avoid the risk of currency fluctuations. Managing Operational Risks: Being a chocolate manufacturing company, it deals with the retail market. The most important risks are those of Operational risks. Operational risk is associated with human error, system failures and inadequate procedures and controls. It is the risk of loss arising from the potential that inadequate information system; technology failures, breaches in internal controls, fraud, unforeseen catastrophes, or other operational problems may result in unexpected losses or reputation problems. Fire Allied risks: These are general risks applicable to almost all establishments. This includes Material damage to the companys property due to Fire lightning, Earthquake, Third party impact, Accidental damage, explosion, riot strike, storm tempest, burst pipes, Own Vehicle impact, malicious damage, and theft. The company should take necessary steps in mitigating such risks by taking â€Å"Property All Risks Insurance Policy† â€Å"Loss of profit insurance cover† Machinery breakdown/ obsolescence: This risk identified is a major risk element as the company has been established two decades earlier by using imported refurbished Plant and machinery. Though most of the machinery is in running condition as of now the chances of spare part obsolescence is quite high in a majority of such machines. The physical status and the possible mitigation for major machinery can be shown in ANNEXTURE II Volatility of Raw Material/ Packing Material prices: The Company faces a medium level risk in its Raw material Packing material prices. The main raw materials at are Sugar, Glucose, Milk Powder, vegetable fat, coconut, coco whey powders. The packing material required is Wrappers, Bags, Gift boxes, Gift Tins and cartoons. Other than a few packing materials almost all of the raw materials and packing materials are imported as shown below Quality risk Raw material Packing material: This is a medium sized risk and the company should take reasonable care to mitigate such risks. Since the majority of the raw materials and packing materials are imported by the company, the purchase committee should implementing a stringent policy of Should have a multiple suppliers from the same country or region. Should have proper Quality checks for each Consignment while receiving delivery. Should have a stringent penalty clause on variation of specifications in the agreements with suppliers. Delivery risk of Suppliers: This is major risk element at the company because of the fact that in most cases purchases are imported and made through Letter of Credits. Non Delivery or delayed delivery in such purchases may affect the performance of the company. The company is implementing proper penalty clauses in the purchase agreement for delayed and/ or non-delivery of the ordered items. Transporting risks: In case of local sales, the company transports the products mostly through its own personnel. The company therefore, takes a general Transit Insurance policy covering accidents and theft. Inventory carrying risk: Inventory Carrying risks are of three types: Storage risk Overstocking under stocking risk Expiry risk Storage risk The storage policies currently are The company can keeps the entire inventory in closed warehouses. Over-stocking Under-stocking: The company can maintain a good optimized production planning system in correlation with its sales plan so that it can have a optimum stocking policy. The current production plan is quite satisfactory and hence the risk is low to medium. But the company is mostly dependent on Export market, the volatility of export orders may lead to overstocking or under-stocking of inventory. Expiry risks: This risk is low to medium. Expiry risks of inventory can be mitigated by proper planning of Sales, Purchase, Production and Distribution. The Storekeeper needs to maintain up-to-date records. A system is being implemented to provide on-line information about the stock position i.e. the quantity in stock, Re-order period, Ordering level and the Expiry dates of each of the Raw material, packing material and finished stocks to the Sales, Production and Purchase department so that immediate action can be taken by the respective departments. Manpower Availability risks: There is a shortage of skilled manpower in Oman. This is however met with the expatriate staff employed mainly from the sub-continent. The company therefore faces a medium risk in terms of availability of skilled manpower. The company can met unskilled manpower availability with the local Omani population and also from expatriate staff. The gap of skilled labor availability is likely to increase and therefore the costs also increase. To mitigate such risks, the company can develop long term strategy to invest in higher capacity production machines so that the requirement of manpower is kept low. Accidents: The Company can face a chance of accidents at the factory, however the accident risks at the company is low, as it does not deal with hazardous material and the production processes are not complex. However the company may face risks from mechanical or electrical installations which cant be entirely ruled out. So the company needs to take the following steps: By providing ELCB (Electric Leakage Circuit Breakers) in all electrical circuits and ACBs for the main transformers By providing Hot masks to the manpower Having a good machinery breakdown policy Constant monitoring of the gas line leakages The company needs have a Manpower Accidents and Injury Policy to cover the possibility of injury or death of manpower within the factory premises. Managing Reputation Risks Reputation of the company may also get hamper in various situations some of which are Contamination-hygiene: Being in the Food sector the company should take utmost precaution to avoid any sort of contamination in its products which will reach to the general mass. The company should take precaution for the quality of the raw material and packing material that is required for the entire production process and the stocking procedure. The company can follow the following policy: Stringent Quality control checks of Raw materials and packing materials Stringent Quality checks of the entire production process Maintaining Hygiene standards of the Government of Oman both in production and stocking. Sample testing at each stage Have a third Party damage policy insurance coverage owing to contamination Product expiry/Shelf life risks: This is again a very vital risk to the company as it is in the Food sector. The Government of Oman is very stringent in its laws to avoid expired products to be sold to the general public. So the company should take utmost care to avoid this risk by providing a stringent Distribution policy of its finished products Checks and controls before distribution of products. Monitoring distributed products on a daily basis Attributing Responsibility to a Senior Personnel for the management Corporate Governance: Corporate Governance Policies and Procedures manual are already in place at the company. Hence the risk associated with it is low. The management has to ensure proper compliance of the policies already undertaken to avoid any risk of reputation arising out of non-compliance of corporate governance. Managing Credit Risks: Credibility Risk of Customers: The Company should develop a credit policy based on regions, volume and credibility ranking of the parties. Export: The Company exports to a wide range of countries. The contacts of customers are mainly through visits and through mail. It is initially very difficult to assess the credibility of the customers abroad. The risk element is therefore medium and high. The company should mitigate this risk in the following manner: The company should back up the export orders by Letter of Credit from the parties. In case L/C mode is not practicable, the company can ask for advance payments or Security deposit, or post dated cheques which will cover the entire order taken prior to effecting delivery of the goods. The company currently did not enter into any distribution agreement with any export party and deals with parties on a case to case basis The Company can set up a network of distributors for handling exports sales as far as practicable. The company can also set up more than one distributor; in each region/country, so that price advantage can be achieved through minimal risk. The company should select distributors with proven track record, and the distributorship agreement should be through a internationally binding legal contract. Local: Local sales are affected by the company mainly to retail customers like supermarkets and hypermarkets, small shops and to two distributors in the interior. The company should take the following steps: Sale to all hypermarkets and supermarkets where the volumes are above a certain limit are, as far as possible, affected by means of an annual contract with all modalities and terms and conditions clearly laid out. For single shop outlets, the company may face the risk of shop closing down and non-payment or delayed payment. To counter this company should maintain small stocks with such shops and should have a regular but frequent collection system. In case of distributors the company should have legally binding distribution agreements. Limit setting: An important element of credit risk management is to establish exposure limits for each single customer and distributors. The compan

Servitude and Power Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

What is servitude? What is power? Are these things sought by all humans or is it something that is forced upon us? Servitude is a slavery or bondage of any type. Power is strength in ability to do. The fact about humanity remains that we are all influenced in all lifestyles by these two simple words. Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Tempest† focuses on these themes of power and servitude and presents them to us in a manner that shows the true egotistical side of humanity and the lengths that we will go to get what we want. Here the question is posed: Who is the slave and what is to gain? It is true that many of the characters show aspects of slavery, making â€Å"each character† the answer; but individually, each character still gives its own representation to the topic. A relationship that breaks the mold and does not fit with all the other human struggles for power on the island is the one between Miranda and Ferdinand. Their struggle does not match all the others and t hey have different gains in mind from everyone else. Miranda just under fifteen years old is gentle and compassionate to say the least and is very passive. She is born with â€Å"a knowledge of the common humanity in which all men participate† (Douglas 233,236). You can easily see her emotional state and compassion in her very first lines: â€Å"O, I have suffered / With those that I saw suffer!† she says of the shipwreck (1.2.5–6), and hearing Prospero’s tale of their narrow escape from Milan, she says â€Å"I, not rememb’ring how I cried out then, / Will cry it o’er again† (1.2.158-160). However, even though Miranda is very passive in some ways, she has a few moments where she demonstrates strength and power that further complicates how we view this naà ¯ve girl. This first moment captures the s... ... there are here! / How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world / That has such people in 't". (5.1.215-218) Through this passage, and many of her others, Miranda shows a positive attitude which is almost strange when compared to the other characters. He could have easily agreed and receieved help from her but he affirms the honor of his intentions. However, until those intentions are tested not even he can be sure of them. â€Å"His only weakness seems to be an inclination to sit and admire her when he should be using time to complete work the point is made in terms of remembering and forgetting.† (Douglas 233,236) This weakness is made very clear when he states: My sweet mistress Weeps when she seems me work, and says such baseness Had never like executor. I forget; But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours, Most busy least when I do it. (3.1.11-15)

My Childhood Days Essay

It was a green world where I was born. I was born and raised in a small town which could almost know as countryside. Now, the small town has already collapsed and turned into a developing-city. It is so sad that I can only recall my childhood days in my mind instead of visiting the small town. It was a small town with warm-hearted villagers. We were all friends and always share our foods and games. Mak Kwan had the most famous cooking while En. Chong could fly the kite highest. Hmm†¦ I could still smell the curry in the air! My brother and I, we used to rush to Mak Kwan’s home and asked for curry when we smell it. Mak Kwan never decline and always offers us a big bowl of curry to share with our family. The satisfaction is so hard to describe. In my childhood days, I loved to fish in the rivers. Especially hand-fishing! I never like to fish with the rods because it is too messy. Although I like to fish, I am not good at it. So, it was always a big surprise for me when I succeeded to catch a fish. It made me smile all the day because I was over the moon! I usually went fishing with my brother. Not like me, he was good at hand-fishing. He could always catch a basket-full of fish. But, we only chose a fish to bring home and let the others go. Brother said that this was to make sure that there are always fishes in the rivers. One day, I watched â€Å"Recess† and I was so impressed by the tree-house. I asked for permission to build a tree-house, and my father promised to make me one! God is so good to me! My dad said that it was his dream when he was small too, so, he tried to make his and my dream came true. Then, we started to proceed. First, we selected a tree which was suitable to build a tree-house. After that, we drew a simple blue-print of the tree-house. We chopped down some trees and cut them into boards (it was not encouraged to cut down trees at that time, but no one stopped us because everyone was excited to see the tree-house). After three months, it was done! Not as luxurious as the one in â€Å"Recess†, but it was pretty good. At that time, I thought that I would become a good architect because I could design and build. Now, I learned that I was naive and stupid. In my childhood days, it was not only my playground, but also my safe haven when I was scolded by my parents. It use d to be my home to home. In the small town I lived, there was a small jungle. My brother and I enjoyed jungle trekking and explored some new things in the jungle. We had an album named ‘Jungle Diary’. We wrote down all the interesting incident during the exploration. We also collected the unique leaves, sticked it in the album and did some notes. We also liked to observe the animals’ lifestyle. We had an old digital camera, we shot the photos of the birds and wrote down the characteristics. It was fun. One time, we followed a deer along and accidentally went in too far into the jungle. We got lost! It was a terrible incident, I absolutely don’t want to recall it. In my childhood days, all the children in the village loved to fly kites. As I said before, En. Chong could fly the kites highest. So, he taught us how to fly the kites high in the sky. It was all about control. If the string is too tight, It breaks, but if it is too loose, it can’t go high. Just like our life. In a windy season, we organized a small kite-flying competition. Although it was small, everyone took it seriously. Because the design and beauty of the kites would be judged, we had to do it on our own. No shop would sell the kites at that time to prevent us from cheating. Of course, En. Chong was the busiest person because everyone asked for his help to make sure the kites could fly. En. Chong is a selfless person, he never declined to teach. He said that he was happy that many people tried to learn the way of making a good kite. It was not easy as what we thought, I failed three times before I got it. It was a big day, the competition. I didn’t win the first p lace, but it was a very memorable incident. I am not going to forget it. There were else more funny and wonderful memories in my childhood days. Unfortunately, kid nowadays can’t experience these funny things anymore. In the city now, people don’t even bother to know their neighbour’s name. The river is polluted, the tree with tree-house is gone, no more jungle for us to explore, and how often can we see the kites in the sky? They said it is the inevitable price for the modernization and industrialization. Yes, thanks to the development, and the pollution. I am glad that I was born in the 90s. Shame for the 00s, all they have is the internet. In the time comes, we will learn that how much hurts we had brought to our Mother Earth.

Textbook Warehouse

Textbook Warehouse The name of the business is Textbook Warehouse; the idea to write the book was developed by entrepreneurs. The book has been developed by the entrepreneurs under the guidance of financial experts, social media authorities, web design experts, research and legal professionals thus it marshals the right pool of experts under its name.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Textbook Warehouse specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aim and vision of the promoter is to establish a unique company that specializes in second hand textbooks for university students in Melbourne, Australia. The service that involves online retailing of secondhand textbooks is the concern of this business proposal plan. The company projects to develop a website that forms the virtual office centre for an online retailing of second hand textbooks that are in high demand among university students. Under the expertise of a web developer and socio media authority, the company targets the Generation Y students in the universities whose lives are highly influenced by the socio media world (Yarrow O’ Donnell, 2009). This Generation Y values social sites like Facebook, Twitter and others hence word of mouth is appreciated more than face to face contact. The development of this online forum is in tandem with this behavior and, therefore, convenience, reliability and effectiveness are the strengths of this business (Close, 2012). Through the placement of drop boxes in every university, the company aims to stock enough supplies of second hand texts books to the reading lists of the universities. After that, the sales books will be made available under minimized costs determined by value based and grading systems pricing. The company projects to come up with customer loyalty programs meant to maintain re-sale as well as winning other junior students in their university courses.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company seeks to utilize two opportunities in online retailing where students in Melbourne have been underserved on online forums. The present method is costly and sometimes books are unavailable in the universities’ stores. This will enable students to access the necessary textbooks at the comfort of their mobiles phones, or computers conveniently, and at the best price that caters for the university students income. The second opportunity seeks to utilize the large market of inadequate online forums for shopping tailored for university second hand textbooks. This will enable students to access quality textbooks in the timeliest manner. With a unique marketing concept emerging, good management and carefully crafted method of financing, online selling of second hand textbooks to the target market will be affordable, sustainable and valuable. This special team of experts will position the company to best practices in every aspect of technology, branding, marketing and operations in order to become the leading online service for secondhand textbooks. In Melbourne, the available book stores are not highly concerned with online shopping hence the business. The concern of other textbook dealers involves brand new books as well as exchange of available second hand books hence pure online retailing of secondhand books at most reliable and convenient prices is minimal. However, these textbook sellers include University Bookstores; other small book sellers have managed to offer new and second hand textbooks in the market though at very expensive and unreliable ends due to high cost of operations and poor marketing options as a contrast. The presence of new books from university stores and their strategic locations in every university have made the necessity of online retailing unnecessary in Melbourne.Advertising We will write a custom assessment s ample on Textbook Warehouse specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, these books have proved very expensive to be afforded by a large number of middle income students. These high prices and unreliable accessibility of second hand textbook programmes have pushed away an average customer student. By covering these gaps the company is wishing to set a new uncharted course in the book industry. The unique formula will involve prior marketing on Twitter and Facebook with a target of 100 likes three weeks before the March semester commences. By using readily available storage facilities of one of the partner’s homes, simple costs minimization, cost effective drop boxes will ensure right supply of second hand books delivered by students. These will be paid for and then made available through the online retail forum for easier access through value based and grading system pricing. Through continuous marketing and convenient delivery of sold secondhand textbooks, effective financial management and dedicated personnel of this business look forward to meeting long and short objectives. Long term objectives include: A. To increase and dominate the market on online second hand textbooks services; B. To be a leader in online retailing of second hand textbooks;Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More C. To be a leading online retailing service that maintains economic and sustainable value project; D. Create job ads by rectifying the purchasing power of students. The business targets to increase the number of customers considerably after two years of its operation. By engaging the management personnel it is projected that the increased number of customer students will lead to right data analysis, effective, efficient and smooth operation of the business. As such it targets to use the most minimum number but performing personnel for its success. The baseline scenario projects cost is estimated at $ 90, 000, comprised of $60,000 as initial investment and $30,000 as the bank loan. This investment cost is low due to transfer of some operations and offers of some assets by the promoter. The bank loan is meant to compensate on other inputs and provide a back up for a negative cash flow. References List Close, G. A 2012, Online Consumer Behavior: Theory and Research in Social Media, Adv ertising and e-tail, Routledge Taylor Francis Group, New York. Yarrow, K O’Donnell, J 2009, Gen Buy: How Tweens, Teens and Twenty Somethings are Revolutionalizing Retail, Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint, Carlifornia.

Some like it hot essays

Some like it hot essays Capital Punishment has been used for many generations. Even in the Bible, it describes death for murder, and other such crimes including kidnapping and witchcraft. Capital punishment involves taking the life of a person who has committed an unlawful act. Though today people have changed their ethics on killing a man for his unlawful act but instead locking him up for how many years depending on how serious the act is. The death penalty has been banned from all countries except some exception have been made. There is no question that capital punishment does stop the detainee from potentially growing old and living out the rest of his or hers life. A factor that is conveniently overlooked by anti capital punishment campaigners is that we are all in the long run going to die and in many cases we will know of this in advance and suffer great pain and emotional anguish in the process. This is particularly true of those diagnosed as having terminal cancer. It is apparently socially acceptable to be sentenced to death by one's family doctor without having committed any crime at all but totally unacceptable to be sentenced to death by a judge having been convicted of murder or drug trafficking. I think that in some circumstances, capital punishment should be accepted. For example, a man whom is 78 years old walks into a shopping mall with a gun and kills 7 people. This man will die in the next few years, he has fulfilled his potential to what I believe so why not administer a lethal injection. The judge will sentence a life imprisonment so why cant this man die earlier? ...

Psychological Testing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Psychological Testing - Term Paper Example In a recent commentary regarding President Obama’s speech in The New York Times, author Trip Gabriel briefly discussed the President’s remarks regarding the â€Å"high stakes† tests and the incited reaction from a couple of bloggers. The President remarks on how much focus is given to these tests at the expense of the curriculum. According to the article, President Obama said, â€Å"Too often, what we’ve been doing is using these tests to punish students or to, in some cases, punish schools.† A blogger for Education Week remarked that the President is going against his own government’s policies on standardized tests that involve having students go through several tests in a school year. However, the Department of Education maintains its stand on the expansion of testing. They claim that these are actually means to ease the pressure on teachers, because instead of year-end tests that normally put the blame on schools if the results are bad, st udents will be tested for their own progress more than once a year (Gabriel, â€Å"Bloggers Challenge President†). The issue here is not merely the number of tests a student has to go through, but the test itself. However, increasing the number of tests in a year increases the issues in these tests as well. Even author Alfie Kohn in his book â€Å"The Case against Standardized Testing: Raising the Scores, Ruining the Schools† explains his opposition to standardized testing. The issues STANDARDIZED TESTS 3 surrounding the tests are abound, yet articles that give adequate information on the tests are lacking. Most of the publicly available articles offer generic information on the tests, but do not really describe the content. Sometimes, the content of the test might surprise the students and their parents (Harlen, 2002, p.141). For example, in another article from The New York Times last March 16 by Jacques Steinberg entitled â€Å"For SAT Test-Takers, Is ‘The Si tuation’ the Right Answer?,† the peculiarity of a test question is discussed. The essay prompt asked the students to provide opinions regarding reality television. The executive director of the SAT test declared that the question is about pop culture and it was just a fair question to ask. People may have differing opinions on this matter. However, it sort of emphasizes the point that the scope of the exam is not widely discussed publicly, since topics such as this causes surprise from parents of test-takers (Steinberg, â€Å"For SAT Test-Takers†). Still, the presence or absence of the information is not the main topic of this paper. The issue on how necessary these tests are is the area that needs more attention. First, even though newspapers frequently quote the scores of the tests, and several experts believe that this is the best measurement for an individual’s progress, it is not the absolute standard for success (Ryan and Weinstein, 2009, p.224). Stu dents have endured more and more tests over time, yet discussion on new educational processes are not happening. The tests only force the institutions to push their students to earn higher grades, but they do not result in providing solutions to the real problems that causes low marks (Harlen, 2002, p.141). Second, Indian University Professor of Education Roger Farr states that â€Å"multiple-choice questions do not allow students to apply what they can do.†

Theories of Human Rights Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theories of Human Rights - Term Paper Example The problem with the Act stems from the way it was passed into law. The Act was formulated forty-five days after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack. Besides the short period it took to formulate, Congress was given limited time to read and debate the bill. In fact, there are fears that many members of congress did not have enough time to read the document and as such, they might have passed it into law flawed. The hasty way in which this Act was formulated and passed could have been because of fear for another terrorist attack. Even so, it could also have been used as an avenue to infuse it with undeserved provisions benefitting the government. This hastiness served to entrench the secret ways in which the government uses the Act’s allowances (Smith & Li-Ching 23). There have been cases reported about FBI agents breaking into and searching people’s homes without notice. The violations of rights by the Patriot Act are complicated. Targets of FISA surveillance are not furnished with the contents of the court order that led to their arrest and as such, they lack the grounds to challenge wiretaps and searches done illegally. This contrasts significantly with a defendant prosecuted under the criminal investigative authority of the government who would be furnished with a copy of the court order. Proponents of the Patriot Act move that as the commander-in-chief, the president should use any means to protect the country from attacks. This argument downplays the fact that the president and the executive are not above the law and the Constitution (Smith & Li-Ching 24). The means they use to protect the country from attacks are supposed to be constrained by the constitution. Following the subtle implications of Section 218, it is possible that some people who are thought to be against government policies or who are related to foreign powers are unfairly searched and